Showing posts with label South Carolina. Show all posts
Showing posts with label South Carolina. Show all posts

Saturday, March 1, 2025

Thomas and Ritter Jeffries, Enslaved, their Enslavers John Randolph Jeffries, James Boyd Jeffries in South Carolina, Mississippi

John Randolph Jeffries, Enslaver
Thomas Jeffries was born March 1840 in South Carolina and died 1910 probably in Marshall County, Mississippi near Holly Springs.  His wife Ritter Jeffries was born in May 1842 in South Carolina.  She died in 1909 also in Marshall County, Mississippi, near Holly Springs.

Thomas was the son of Cornelius Jeffries born about 1808/1810 and Betty Jeffries according to the will of James Boyd Jeffries, their enslaver.

Ritter was the daughter of Joseph Jeffries born 1808 and Betty Jeffries who was born 1816.  

 Ritter and her parents Joseph and Bettie were all enslaved by John Randolph "Brick House John" Jefferies.  Thomas and his family were enslaved by John's son James Boyd Jeffries. 

In January 1851 an Inventory and Appraisement of the estate of John Randolph "Brick House John" Jefferies lists Ritter's family.  Note: all of the enslaved are listed in family groups with name, age and valuation.

Ritter's family:
Joseph age 43 and Betty age 35 and their children:  Peter 21, Madison 20, Joseph 18, Minta 16, Adeline 12, Joshua 10, Ritter 7,  James 6,  John 4, Raymond 3, Mitchell 3,  and [illegible Tricis?] 4 months. By the time the estate was settled their family would be torn apart.


John Randolph "Brick House John" Jefferies was born 6  March 1760 at Jeffords Creek near Camden, Kershaw County, South Carolina and died 29 January 1851 Union County, South Carolina.  He was the son of Nathaniel Jefferies 1733 - 1812 and Sarah Brown Steen 1735 - 1810.  Brick House John married Sarah Rachel Barnett 1765 - 1830.
Their children:
Margaret Vance Jefferies 1778-1846
Nathaniel Barnett Jefferies II 1783-1842
Gravener Jefferies 1784
Elizabeth Ann Jefferies 1785-1874  married Smith
Samuel Jefferies 1788-1845
John Jefferies Jr  1790-1851
Sarah Ann Jefferies 1790-1873
Eleanor / Ellen Jefferies 1795-1854
Cynthia Jefferies 1802-1881
James Boyd Jefferies  1802-1866
William Barnett Jefferies  1805-1852

The nickname "Brick House John" comes from the name of his plantation where the bricks to construct the home were made by his enslaved. He purchased this land from his father, Nathaniel Jeffries.

1790 Census  Union County, SC
8 Slaves

1800 Census Union County, SC
16 Slaves

1810 Census  Union County, SC     Enslaved data is illegible

1820 Census  Union County, SC
69 Slaves: 
22 M under 14, 9 M 14-25, 3 M 26-44, 4 M 45+, 20 F under 14, 7 F 14-25, 4 F 45+

1830 Census  Union County, SC
90 Slaves
:  20 M under 10, 16 M 10-23, 4 M 24-35, 4 M 36-54, 2 M 55-99, 23 F under 10, 13 F 10-23, 5 F 34-35, 2 F 36-54, 1 F 55-99

1840 Census Union County, SC
102 Slaves
:  20 M under 10, 20 M 10-23, 10 M 24-35, 3 M 36-54, 2 M 55-99, 15 F under 10, 20 F 10-23, 5 F 24-35, 4 F 36-54, 3 F 55-99

1850 Slave Schedule  Union County, SC
147 Slaves
:  F 17, F 6, F 70, F 22, F 7, F 50, F 15, F 14, F 20, F 26, F 2, F 25, F 4, F 2 mos, F 23, F 3, M 77, M 52, F 2mos, F 31, F 5, M 40, F 3, F 4 mos, M 40, M 37, F 60, F 30, M 26, M 26, F 12, F 6, M 22, M 16, F 2, F 29, M 13, M 12, F 15, F 30, M 11, M 8, F 17, F 40, M 7, M 7, F 14, M 7, M 6, M 5, M 4, M 2, M 3, M 1, M 2, M 30, M 3 mos, F 51, M 12, M 3, F 34, F 25, M 60, M 19, M 17, M 14, F 18, F 17, M 30, M 13, F 15, F 14, M 7, M 3, F 7, F 5, M 30, M 8, F 4, F 1, M 6, M 3, M 10, M 40, M 1, M 70, M 11, M 3, M 60, F 8, M 30, M 33, F 27, F 5, M 7, M 5, F 4

On 21 Jan 1851, eight days before his death, Brick House John wrote his will.

Know all men by these presents that I, John Jefferies, of the State and District aforesaid, being weak in body but of firm and disposing mind, memory, and judgement do ordain and appoint this as and for my Last Will and Testament hereby declaring all former wills to be null and void and of no effect.

Article 1: I will and ordain that all my property both real and personal shall be equally divided among all my legal heirs -- that is my sons John, James and William Jefferies shall each receive one ninth part of my estate. My daughters Ann Smith, Sarah Smith, Ellen Wilkins, and Cynthia Graham shall each receive one ninth part of my estate and that the children of my son Nathaniel Jefferies, deceased, shall receive one ninth part of my estate to be equally divided between them also that the children of my son Samuel Jefferies shall receive one ninth of my estate to be equally divided among them and also that the Lucey and Frances Farr daughters of Ellen Goudelock, decd., shall receive the share to which their mother would have been entitled had she been living to be equally divided between them.

Article 2nd: I will and ordain that five competent persons or a majority of them shall proceed appraise and divide all my Negroes among my Legatees herein before mentioned as equally as may be and if in their judgement the chair allotted to the heirs of Nathaniel Jefferies and Samuel Jefferies, decd., cannot be divided without injury to the parties there and in that case my Executors are hereby empowered to expose the same to public sale for the benefit of said heirs.

Article 3rd: I will and ordain that the above mentioned appraisers shall appraise all my land contained in a recent survey by John Gibbs, Esq. and if in their judgement, it cannot be equally divided among my heirs, herein before mentioned, they shall divide it into suitable tracts and my executor shall sell the same for the benefit of all Legatees aforesaid.

Article 4th: I will and ordain the Executors shall expose to sale all stock of all kinds, plantation tools, wagons, carts and all other effects of which I may be possessed with the exception of my notes, bonds, credits and accounts which they are to collect for the benefit of my heirs aforesaid.

Article 5th: Whereas I have heretofore made considerable advance of property to my children and have taken receipts for the same, I will and ordain that each one shall account to my estate for the value of said receipt without interest in receiving his part of my estate as it is my will that each Legatee as before named shall ultimately receive an equal portion of my estate.

Article 6th: And I hereby appoint my sons, James Jefferies and William Jefferies and my grandsons John Jefferies and William Jefferies sole executors of this my last will and testament.

Given under hand and seal this 21 January 1851. John Jefferies L. S.
Wit: James Farr, M.M. Montgomery, H. Goudelock, Jas. B. Smith, Zachariah Tate 

South Carolina Wills and Probate Recds 1670-1980  Box 35 Packages 1-33

Brick House John's Inventory and Appraisement of the Negroes belonging to the estate was taken 31 Oct 1851.  All of the enslaved were divided into groups and these groups are families.  Ritter Jeffries' family is listed here.  

John Randolph Jeffries Inventory and Appraisal 1851

Ritter's family is in the third family in the right hand column .
 

John Randolph Jeffries Inventory and Appraisal 1851

The Estate's inventory was distributed in lots.  Here are the divisions of the enslaved. Almost all family groups were kept together.

LOT 1  to William Jeffries     Moved to Marshall County, MS 1845
Harry 60 yr of age, Milly his wife 55 years $82
King 20 years 700
Silas 675,
Nancy 570
Isaac 681
Minerva 562
Hanah 350
Morgan Aby 610
Sophy 575
Allison 350
Terill 250
Lucy 150
Elinor 100
Sarah 350
Eli 626

Lot 2 to Elenor Wilkins  Living Union County SC; moved to Marshall County MS bef 1853
Silas 568
Eddy 437
Amanda 600
Lias 662
Milly 543
Franky 475
Violet 362
Anthony 300
Doris 237
  all the above Silas family
Washington 600
Franky and child Jacob 650
Janett 375
June 325
Stanhope 275
Harriet 200
Joseph 150
  all of the above Washington family

Lot 3  to Cynthia Graham  Living Cleveland County, NC; moved to Jefferson County TN 1865
Waggoner Peter 200
Franky 100
Champ 687
Abram 687
Sampson 618
Jacob 650
Esau 650
Nero 600
   all above Waggoner Peter family
Daniel 675
Manerva 575
Julian 350
Rose 275
Danil cut hand 100
Willy 100
   all above Daniels family
Elijah 600

Lot 4  to Sarah Smith  Lived Union County, SC all her life
Phillip 1,000
Mahaly 450
Susan 550
Peter 400
Phillip 325
Decey 275
Kisiah 175
Bill 200
Alfred 100
  all above Phillips family
Denis 650
Patsy 562
Beaty 250
Gilly 187, Mary 137,
  all above Denis family
Herod 600
Risier  400
Winny 600

Lot 5  to SAMUEL JEFFRIES   Lived Union County, SC all his life
Joseph $300 and Betty and 3 children $500 [the twins]
Peter $650
Madison $600.
Joseph $650,
Minty $600
Adeline $550.
Joshua $550.
Ritter $375.
James $300.
Joshua $225,
Raymond $150
Mitchel $150
  all of the above Joseph's family
Champ $200
Lucy $210
Mary and infant $700
Augustus $112
   all of Champ's family

Lot 6 to Ann Smith  Lived in Union and Cherokee counties, SC
Ellias 600
Sisily 500
Margarett 600
Peter one eye 375
Rhody 400
Mary 350
   all Elias family
Anthony 375
Dasky? 600
Noah 300
Bensan 275
Eli 225
Samuel 175
  All Anthony's family
Abram 900
Polly 625
Sindy and Jesse blind 600

Lot 7 to JAME B JEFFRIES   Lived Union County SC all his life
Seely Jess family $550
Catherine $300
Gordon $687
King 650
Champ 550
Sampson 500
Evan 500
Abram 450
Mingo 400
Lemuel 550
Sindy 200
Nisa and child Scott 700
Arthur 375
Young 337
Behaly deaf and dumb 100

Lot 8 to Nathaniel Jeffries  Deceased, so divided among his heirs.
old Dinah $70
Rachel and child Terut? Taylor 662
Peter 675.
Muciller? 600
Margarett 556
Harry [or Henry] 469 old driver family
Waggoner Abe 300
Cassu 375
Jonathan 500
Caroline 475
Reubin 400
old Anatha  worthless
Eddy 800
Ann 350
Nelly 600

Lot 9  to John Jeffries  Moved to Alabama
Jonathan $600
Miny and child Mary 650
Sophy  512
Robin 572
Polly 275
John 175
old Peter 50
Giney 375
Christin 200
Patsy 175
Anderson 112
   Giney.s family
Wesly 675
Ann 550
Dinah 300
George 175
Minerva 125
   Matty's family
Milly 550
Mary Ivy 225
Josephine 175
Asberry 650
                

In the final settlement of the estate the division of the enslaved kept most families together, but others were separated.  Ritter's family was not allowed to be kept together.  Things were looking good at first.  They were bequeathed all together to John's son Samuel.

Ritter's Family Separated

John's son Samuel had died, so his shares were also allotted to Samuel's heirs. 

Lot 1 to Cordelia Jeffries
Betty and 2 children [the twins] $500, Joe $300, Raymond $180, Mitchell $150 = $1,100

Lot 2 to Ellen Gaudelock   Died in 1849 Cherokee County, SC; husband died before 1860. Heirs: Lucy Farr and Frances J Farr
Peter $650, Champ $300, Lucy $310  = $1,160

Lot 3 to William Jeffries
Minta $600, James $300, John $225  = $1,150

Lot 4 to Jane Raisen?
Madison $600, Joshua $550  = $1,200

Lot 5 to Adaline Greer    1850 SC; 1860 Arkansas. By 1864 Gilmer, Upshur County, Texas
Joe Jr $650, Adaline $550  = $1,200
1860 Slave Schedule Princeton, Dallas County, Arkansas  Spencer Greer
24 Slaves; 3 Slave Dwellings:   M 60, F 50, F 38, M 26, M 20, M 24, M 23, M 21, M 20, M 18, M 18, F 11, F 7, F 7, F 7, M 5, M 5, M 5, F 3, M 3, M 3, F 6mos, M 6mos, F 1

Lot 6 to Emily Meng    Remained in Union Co SC
Ritter $375, Mary and child $700, Augustus $112  = $1,187
* Ritter is not in Meng's 1860 Slave Schedule
1860 Slave Schedule Union Co SC  James Edward Meng, Jr
47 Slaves 7 Slave Dwellings:  M 23, M 20, M 62, F 55, F 55, F 42, F 33, F 42. F 21, F 23, F 20, F 16,  F 12, F 11, F 11, F 11, F 11, F 7, F 7, F 4, F 2, F 4, F 2, F 2, F 2, M 33, M 30, M 23, M 19, M 16, M 16, M 14, M 12, M 12, M 12, M 9, M 10, M 8, M 9, M 6, M 3, M 3, M 4, M 4, M 1, F 10, F 13

Sometime between Brick House John's estate settlement in 1851 and October of 1856 there must have been an agreement or sale between Emily Meng and her uncle (Brick House John's son) James Boyd Jeffries regarding Ritter.  See James' will below.


  
James Boyd Jeffries, Enslaver



James Boyd Jefferies, the son of Brick House John
, was born 17 Nov 1802 in Union County, South Carolina and died 29 April 1866 at his Star Farm, Union County, South Carolina.  He married Eliza Green 1806-1854 in 1821.

Their children:
Hannah Eliza Jefferies 1823-1831
Rachel Penelope Jefferies 1825-1854
Sarah Louvisa Jefferies 1826-1881
infant daughter 1828-1828
William Henry Jefferies 1830-1832
Permilia Ann "Pearlie" Jefferies 1832-1901
Mary Clementine Jefferies 1833-1911
Ellen Eliza Jefferies 1835-1884
John Randolph Jefferies 1837-1894
James Hamilton Jefferies 1839

1830 Census  York County, SC
2 Slaves:
1 F 10-23, 1 F 36-54

1850 AG Schedule Union County SC
660 improved acres; 628 unimproved acres for a total of 1,288 acres. 8 horses, 11 mules, 12 milk cows, 4 oxen, 24 cattle, 60 sheep, 120 swine.  285 bushels wheat, 30 bushels rye, 3000 bushels Indian corn, 1200 bushels oats, 50 ginned cotton bales, 150 lbs wool 150 bushels Irish potatoes, 450 bushels sweet potatoes, 500 lbs butter, 28 tons of hay.

1850 Slave Schedule  Union County, SC
13 Slaves:  F 48, M 27, F 26, F 19, F 17, F 15, F 12, M 14, F 9, M 7, M 5, M 1 Mulatto, F 80

1856 Will  -  See below after the Freedmen's Bureau contracts
Ten years before he died James Boyd Jeffries wrote his will.  Dated 7 Oct 1856 and not probated until his death 17 May 1866 in Union County, SC.  The date is key because here we find Ritter.  And we also find Thomas and his family.

1860 Slave Schedule  Union County, SC
75 Slaves; 13 Slave Dwellings
:  78 M, 65 M. 60 M, 50 M, 53 M Blacksmith, 45 M, 40 F, 50 F, 45 F, 40 F, 45 M Blacksmith, 25 f, 31 f, 28 F, 30 F, 30 F, 30 F, 30 M, 30 M, 30 M, 25 F, 30 F, 28 F, 25 F, 26 F, 20 F, 19 F, 18 F, 16 F, 20 F, 12 F, 15 F, 14 F, 16 F,  17 F, 18 M, 15 M, 3 M, 3/12 M, 6/12 M, 17 M, 14 M, 6 M, 6/12 M, 12 M, 11 M, 8 M, 6/12 M, 1/12 M, 30 F, 23 F, 28 F, 26 F, 22 F, 20 F, 21 F, 16 M, 15 M, 12 M, 16 M, 17 M, 10 M, 12, M, 13 M, 14 M Carpenter, 35 M, 21 F, 2/12 M, 1/12 F, 26 M, 33 F, 26 M 

22 Aug 1865 Union County, SC   Freedmen's Bureau Record
Agreement between James Jefferies and the freedmen and women formerly his slaves
[see Dec 1865 for language] through the first day of January next.  Lays out payment to be made.
Signed as below on 21 Dec 1865

21 Dec 1865  Union County, SC  Freedmen's Bureau Record
Agreement between James Jefferies and the freedmen and women formerly his slaves.

James Jeffries agrees to feed, clothe and employ as he has heretofore done until the first day of January next and to pay to each one at that time the amount of produce affixed to each name and the said Freedmen and women on their part do agree and bind themselves to remain constantly on the plantation and do work as they have done heretofore and to be obedient to all orders either of the said James Jeffries or his overseer and if at any time any or either of them should be impudent leave the plantation without permission or behave disorderly or unruly in any way, he she or they shall leave the plantation at once and forfeit any claim to any pay which may be due or promised them.

The following named Negroes:
Nelson,
Ray,
Jacob,
John,
Charles,
Bern,
Black Joe,
George,
Yellow Joe,
Cornelius 
Tom shall each receive fifteen (15) bushels of corn and three gallons of molasses.

The following named
Milley,
Jenny,
Ross?,
Mary,
Silva,
Ritter,
Delphy,
Harriett
,
Ellison,
Vina,
Jack,
old Harriett,
Ann,
Vilet,
Mandy
Richard,
Julia shall each receive ten (10) bushels of corn and two (2) gallons of molasses.

The following named
Eady, Amos, [Richmond crossed out], Spencer, Charles, Minta shall each receive five (5) bushels of corn and one (1) gallon of molasses.

In witness of the faithful performance of this contract we have signed our names thereto...  This 22 day of August 1865.

  •  Nelson his mark for himself and his minor children Eady, Amos, Ann, Richard
  •  Ray his mark
  • Jacob 
  • Milly 
  • Jerry 
  • John
  • Charles
  • Ben for himself and his children Ross, Chess and Berry
  • Mary 
  • Black Joe for himself and his children Minta and Spencer
  • George 
  • Silva,
  • TOM 
  • RITTER
  • Yellow Joe
  • Cornelius  for himself and his son Ellison  [Thomas' father and brother]
  • Vina  for herself and son Jack
  • Violet
  • old Harriett 
  • Ann 
  • Manda 
  • Julia 
  • Delphy   [Thomas' sister]
  • Harriet   [Thomas' sister]

3 Feb 1866 Unionville SC Union Dist 2 #146    Freedmen's Bureau
Contract between James Jefferies and 13 Freedmen.
That the employer is to feed all his employed this contract not to be ? construed.
Signed on 8 Jan 1866 by

  • Nelson for self and family
  • Black Joseph for self and family
  • Tom for self and family
  • Yellow Joseph for self and family
  • Cornelius for self and family
  • Silvia for self and child
  • Charles
  • Roy/Ray
  • Delphy
  • Jacob
  • Rebeca
  • old Harriett
  • young Harriett

Signed 8 Jan 1866;  Amended on 31 Jan 1866
Amended contract 
-   plus more specific info about payment.  Agrees to feed laborers: each hand hired to receive one bushel of meal and five lbs of bacon and five pints of syrup per month or their equivalent,  the Negroes to clothe, shoe, pay their own taxes and all other.
Signed:

  •    Nelson for himself and his children Richard, Eady and Amos $100
  •    Yellow Joseph for himself his wife Amanda and his daughter Sophy $100
  •    Ray $40
  •    Jacob $40
  •    Charles  $40
  •    Black Joseph for himself and his children Minta and Spencer ?? dollars and if his wife Ann makes a field hand to be paid the same as the other womenfolk the time she works.
  •    Tom and Ritter $70     [about $1,355 today]
  •    Cornelius for himself, Allison and Lilly $70 
  •   Delphy $30
  •    Harriett  $30 and her 3 children fed and clothed for this work
  •    Reuben and old Harriett fed and clothed and paid $10 each.

Signed 8 Jan 1866
Amended on 31 Jan 1866:

In addition to what I have promised above I agree to give the above named laborers on my plantation on condition of their good conduct $10 per each bale of cotton made by them the present year above thirty bales. Bale to average 400 lbs....  
Signed:  James Jefferies

Note:  It's important to note that about 10 years before he died James wrote his will and in it he gives us family groups.  As you read this remember this is 10 years before the Freedmen's Bureau contracts and James' death.

Will of James B Jefferies  Written 7 Oct 1856  Probate 17 May 1866
...
Art 2...  all the land I own on Gilkey's Creek embracing the home or Brick house tracks, the Holman tract (except the part sold by me to S A Goodman) and the part of the Joshua Petty tract bought by me of John Smith be sold by my Executor and the proceeds be applied to the payment of my debts or be distributed among my legatees ...

Art 3 ... to my daughter Mary Clementine my boy Arthur about 19 years old and my girl Silva about 17 years old and their increase in place of Sam and Dinah who were given her under the will of Wyatt Lipscomb, decd and both of whom have died whilst in my possession and if either the above named Arthur or Silva or both of them should die whilst in my possession or before they come into Mary's possession then my Executor shall permit Mary to take one or two choices as the case may be from the whole of the negroes belonging to my estate. Provided in making such choice she shall not separate man and wife or take any of the negroes otherwise devised in this instrument.  ...   I also give Mary my man Cornelius and his wife Betty and their children THOMAS, Delphy, Hariett, Rhody, Allison and Lilly together with their natural increase and for Cornelius and his family named in this third article who will account to my estate a part of her legacy at the price of $2800.

Art 4  ...to son John Randolph Jefferies all my land on Thickety Creek being the plantation on which I now live bounded by Thickety Creek and land of Spencer Green and Samuel Jefferies containing 1200 acres. ... stock in Spartanburg and Union RR...     my man Nelson and his wife Violet and their children Milly, Raymond, Jacob, Richard, Eady, Amos and Joseph for  whom he is to account to my estate as part of his legacy at the price $3,000.
Art 5... to my daughter Mary and son John [household stuff and livestock)

Art 6 ... Mary shall have equal and joint occupancy of the house and land given to John in the 4th article...   with privilege to work her negroes on the same ...

Art 7  I confirm to James and Eliza children of my daughter Rachel P Camp Decd the property heretofore given to her viz  Boy Aaron, $500, Cinthia and child Sophy at $700, Moriah at $500, Giles at $700,...    

To my daughter Sarah Louvina Wilkens
I confirm the following property heretofore given  Evial? Joial? or Jreal $600, Nell at $450, Tarpley $250, Champ $550, Thompson $550...  

To my daughter Parmelia Ann Duncan I confirm... Daniel $700, Lindy and child Randall $700, RITTER  $350, Anderson $600...   

To my daughter Ellen Eliza I confirm... Silva and boy Nelson $700, Abraham $600....   further give to dau Ellen my boy Henry son of old Henry and Malinda at $550 and his sister Margret $450...

Art 8  I will and direct that all my remaining Negroes not herein before disposed of shall be as equally divided as may be among all my legatees.  James and Eliza Camp children of my daughter Rachel P Camp 1/6the to be divided between them.  my daughters Sarah Louvisa, Permelia Ann, Mary and Ellen and my son John shall each receive 1/6 part of my estate...
Art 9 [all other property sold]
Executor Davis Goudelock
Witnesses:  Robert Macbeth, James G Farnandis, John L Young

Note:  the verbage "I confirm" connotes that the enslaved were already in the heir's possession.  This means Ritter may have been already with the Duncan's.  However, Permelia Duncan was living in Georgia by 1860, so some arrangement had to have been made for Ritter to remain with James B Jeffries.   In addition, in one of the later censuses Thomas and Ritter indicate they were married in 1860 and we know Thomas was with James B Jeffries.

Since the Civil War had ended and the enslaved were freed, none of the above "gifts" were made.  However, after James's death, Thomas and Ritter moved to Marshall County, Mississippi and I suspect James' daughter Sarah had something to do with that.  My theory is that when Sarah came home to South Carolina when her father died in 1866 she may have been key to Thomas and Ritter (and others) going back with her to Mississippi.

Sarah Louvisa Jefferies, daughter of James Boyd Jeffries, was born 30 Oct 1826 near Gaffney in Union County, South Carolina and died 20 Feb 1881 near Holly Springs in Marshall County, Mississippi.  She married Moses Franklin "M F" Wilkens in 1846. M F was born 1 Dec 1823 in Union County, South Carolina and died 17 March 1898 near Holly Springs, Marshall County, Mississippi.    Between 1845 and January 1848 Sarah and MF left South Carolina for Mississippi.  

1850 Census  Southern Division, Marshall County MS
Dwelling 64 Fam 64
Wilkins, M F
25 bSC Farmer, Real Estate value $1440
   S  23 bSC
   S E 2  bMS

1850 Slave Schedule  Southern Division, Marshall County, MS
6 Slaves
:  M 23, M 15, F 22, F 20, F 16, F 1 

1860 Census  Waterford, Marshall County, MS
Dwelling 12  Fam 12
Wilkins, M F
  36 bSC Planter  Real Estate value $8,000  Personal Estate $26,000
   Sarah  33 bSC   Mary 9 bMS
   Elizabeth  4  bMS
   John J  1  bMS

1860 Slave Schedule  Marshall County, MS   Living next to his brother William Wilkins
24 Slaves; 6 Slave Dwellings
:  F 1, F 1, M 1, F 2mos, M 48, F 40, F 20, M 28, M 26, M 23, M 21, F 20, F 20, M 18, F 16, F 14, F 11, F 9, M 9, F 8 Mulatto, F 5, M 3, F 3, F 3.



In 1870 we find Thomas, Ritter and their children in Marshall County, Mississippi.

1870 Census Township 5 Range 4 Chulahoma, Marshall MS  @15 miles SW of Holly Springs
FAM 248
Wilkins, M F  46 bSC Farmer RE$8000 Pers $1500
   Louvisa 43 bSC    James B Jeffries daughter Sarah Louvisa
   Aaron F  9 bMS
Wilkins, W M - female  bMS
   Nancy 13  House servant bMS  BLK
Duncan, Victor  24   Cook   BLK

FAM 249
Duncan, Peggy
43  Housekeeper bGA  BLK    May have married Tom's father Cornelius.
   Ellison  15  Laborer bGA BLK

FAM  250
Wilkins, Champin
  31 Farmer bSC Pers$200 BLK
   Sarah 26 bSC BLK
   Mary 12 bMS BLK
   Peggy  6  bSC BLK
   Edward  2 bMS  BLK
   Lucy 7/12  bMS BLK

FAM 251 
Wilkins, Alexander
37 bSC Farmer BLK
   Clarissa 32 bSC BLK
   Newton 19 bSC BLK
   Benj 10 bMS  BLK
   Eliza  9 bMS  BLK
   Mahala  7 bSC
   Richard  5  bSC
   Alexander 2  bMS
   Moses  1  bMS

FAM 252 
Wilkins, Rachel 
23  bSC Pers$100  BLK
   Eliza  2 bMS  BLK
   Lea  2  bMX BLK

FAM 253 
Jeffries, Nathan
  50 bSC Farmer Pers$100  BLK
   Celie  40  bSC BLK
   Gordan 14 BSC

FAM 254 
Thomson, Elison
23 bSC Farmer pers$30  BLK
   Hanna 21  bSC  BLK

FAM 255
Jeffries, Joseph 
45 bSC Farmer pers$75  BLK  Signed Freedmen's Bureau contract w/ John B Jeffries
   Manda 34  bSC  BLK
   Sophia 18 bSC  BLK
   Bettie  12 bSC  BLK
   Mathilda 8 bSC  BLK
   Julia  5  bSC   BLK

FAM 256 
JEFFRIES, THOMAS
24 bSC Farmer  Pers$80
   RITTER  30 bSC
   Reuben 12 bSC
   Bettie 7 bSC
   Cornelius 9 bSC
   Margaret 6mos  bMS


1880 Census East Holly Springs, Marshall MS
Dwelling 11 Fam 10  pg4   All Black
Jeffries Gorgon/Gordon  58 Farmer  bSC    
Chance/Chausee 65 wife   bVA    
Lou Ann 17 dau farm laborer  bMS  ** lots of Wilkens (Black) 

Dwelling 5 Fam 5 all Black pg 15
Jeffries, E 29 Farm Laborer bSC    May be Ellison brother of Thomas
   C  28  Farm Laborer bSC
   S   9  bMS
   William 3 bMS

Dwelling 1 Fam 1 all BLK
Jeffries, M  45 bSC Farmer    May be Madison brother of Ritter
   C  40 bVA

Dwelling 2  all BLK
Wilkins, M A 23 Farm Laborer bMS Boarder
Thornton, Amy 66 Mother in Law bVA
Marley, Willie (male) 5 adopted bMS
   Frank 4 boarder b
Wilkens, Ida 1 Boarder bTN

Dwelling 5 Fam 4  all BLK
Jeffries, D 
83 Farmer bSC  b1797
   Julia 22 wife Farm Laborer bTN
   Ida  7  dau  bMS
   Ches (male) 7 son bMS
   Eda  2 dau  bMS
   Preston  2 mos son  bMS

Dwelling 8 Fam 7  all BLK
Jeffries, A  29  Farm Laborer bSC
   Peggy 22 Farm Laborer bNC
   Amzi  18  bMS Farm Laborer
   Booth 16 Farm Laborer bMS
   Joise  14 Farm Laborer bMS
   John  11 Farm Laborer bMS
   Jimmy 9 Farm Laborer bMS
   Matty  10  bMS\   Bertha 6 bMS
   Wat or Nat 3 bMS

Dwelling 9 Fan 8  WHITE
Jeffries, Robert  22  Farmer bMS

Dwelling 7 Fam 6 all BLK
Jeffries Ned  56 Farm Laborer bTN
   H   56 Farm Laborer  bSC
   Ceily 19 dau Farm Laborer  bMS

Dwelling 8  Fam 7  all BLK
Jeffries, Sarah  46 Farm Laborer bSC Widow
   Waltar 16 son farm Laborer3 bMS
   Terrell 13 son Farm Laborer bMS
   Thomas 11 son Farm Laborer bMS
   Willie (male) 6 son  bMS

Dwelling 9  Fam 8  all BLK
Jeffries, Calvin 23 Farm Laborer  bMS
   Harriet 22 Farm Laborer bMS
   Sul / Saul  6mos bDec 1879 MS

Dwelling 5 Fam 5  all BLK  page 66
Jeffries, Ray  34 Farmer  bSC   May be Raymond brother of Ritter
  Docia 32 Farm Laborer   bSC
   John 13 Farm Laborer bMS
   Viola 6  bMS
   Loucinda 3  bMS
   Keely 6mos bDec1879  bMS

1880 Census Marshall Co MS
FAM 44  all BLK
Wilkins, Hiram  44 bSC Farmer
   Amanda 50 bSC
   Riley 16 bSC Farm Laborer
   Phillip  15  bSC  Farm laborer
   Annie 12  bSC Farm Laborer
   Kisiah  8  bSC  
   Willie (male) 7 bMS

FAM 49  all BLK
Jeffries, Terrell 25  bSC
   Rhoda 19   bMS
   William 1 bMS
   Adolphus bJan 1880  sick bMS

FAM 50  all BLK
Jeffries, Joseph 60 bSC Farm Laborer
   Amanda 40 bSC Farm Laborer
   Betsy 20  bSC Farm hand
   Matilda 18 bSC Farm hand
   Julia 16 bSC Farm hand

FAM 51  all BLK
Thompson, Arron  39 bSC
 Jeffries, Sylvia  39 bSC  Housekeeper

FAM 52  all White
Wilkins, M F  59
   Sarah L  53       daughter of James Boyd Jeffries
   Aaron  18

FAM 53 all BLK
JEFFRIES, THOMAS 40 bSC Farmer
   RITTA  38 bSC
   Reuben 19  bSC Farm hand
   Elizabeth 14  bSC Farm hand
   Cornelius 12  bSC Farm hand
   John 8 bSC
   Amanda 6   bMS
   Harry  5 bMS
   Sarah bDec 1879 bMS

FAM 54  all BLK
Jeffries, Ross  29  bSC Farmer
   Violet 32 bSC
Wilkins, Ida  12 bMS StepDau

FAM 55  all BLK
Jeffries, Wyatt 19 bSC Farm Laborer
   Alice 22 bSC

FAM 57  all BLK
Jeffries, Daniel 20 bSC
   Cornelius  70 bSC Parents bSC  Grandfather farm Laborer     May be father of Thomas - See below
   Peggy, 52 bSC Parents bSC  Wife of Cornelius

FAM 58 all BLK
Jeffries, Gaston  21 BSC Farm Laborer
   Celia  25 bSC
   Mary  3 bMS
   Nathan 2 bMS
   Bettie  1 bMS
   Gordon 7 mos bMS
   Alia or Celia  52 bSC Parents bSC Mother

Before going on with Thomas and Ritter's children and descendants, I feel I should insert the information I've found about Cornelius Jeffries, father of Thomas.  We've already seen him on the Freedmen's Bureau contracts with James Boyd Jeffries through 1866.   

1870 Census Gowdysville, Union County, South Carolina

Dwelling 156 Fam 163 PO Unionville   all BLK
Jeffries, Cornelius 62 bSC farm laborer b1808
   dau Delphy  24 bSC
   dau Harriet  22 bSC
   dau Celia  15 bSC
   Absolom  9 bSC
   Rhoda  9  bSC
   Amanda  3  bSC
   Willis  13 bSC

Dwelling 157 Fam 164  all BLK
Jeffries, Allison  18  bSC   Cornelius's son, Thomas's brother
   Cassy  20 bSC
   Louise 1 mo

Dwelling same Fam 165  all BLK
Jeffries, Reuben  76  bSC   Signed Freedmen's Bureau contract
Dwelling 158 Fam 166  WHITE
Jeffries, John R  32 Farmer RE25,500 Per 3700
   Henriette  22 bSC
   James 2  bSC
   Allen 1 bSC

Dwelling 170 Fam 178  WHITE
Jeffries, Hamlet  40 bSC Farmer RE2500 Pers1000  Grandson of James B Jeffries
   Ellen 35 bSC
   Eliza 13 bSC
   Jame 11 bSC
   Mary 9 bSC
   Louiza 6 bSC
   Edward 1 bSC

Dwelling 171  Fam 179  all BLK
Jeffries, Sylvia 35 bSC   Signed Freedmen's Bureau contract
   Adeline 5 bSC

Dwelling 181  Fam 189  all BLK
Jeffries, George  70 Farmer bSC
   Casey 50 bSC
   George 18 bSC

Dwelling 182  Fam 190  all BLK
Jeffries, Lucinda 35 bSC works on farm
   Chesterfield  14 bSC
   Wharton  11 bSC
   Maria 9 bSC
   Reuben 7 bSC
   Clemens  5 bSC
   John 3 bSC

Dwelling 183  Fam 191  all BLK
Jeffries Ely 60 bSC Farmer Pers$100
   Maria 60 bSC
   Percilly  14 bSC

And in 1880 this may be Cornelius living among the "right" Jeffries a few doors from Thomas and Ritter.  Thomas and Ritter are Dwelling 53.  It look like Cornelius went to Marshall County, MS and remarried by 1880.

1880 Census Marshall County, MS
Dwelling 37 
all BLK
Jeffries, Daniel  20
   Cornelius  70 grandfather farm laborer 
   Peggy 52 wife   In 1870 Peggy Duncan is 43, Housekeeper living in Marshall Co MS Fam 149 above
Dwelling 38  all BLK
Jeffries, Gaston 21 farm laborer
   Belia 25
   Mary 3
   Nathan 2
   Bettie  1
   Goden 7 mos
   Alia / Celia  52 mother

Ritter's Siblings - what I know at this point:

Peter Jeffries, born 1830. 
1870 AG Schedule, Draytonville, Union County, SC with 30 acres rented. 1 milk cow, 4 swine, 30 bushels Indian corn, 1 bale cotton, 3 bushels peas, 35 lbs butter,
1880 AG Schedule Washington, Union SC with 22 acres on shares.  [can't read details]

Madison, born 1831
Appears on the 1880 Census for East Holly Springs, Marshall County, MS with his wife C. [Dwelling1]

Adeline  born 1839
Married Jim Dawkins and they had one child James Rosboro Dawkins b 15 Mar 1891 Cherokee Co SC and died 18 Nov 1954 Gaffney, Cherokee Co SC who was a farmer. Wife's name was Mary.

John  born 1847
1870 Census Perry, Houston Co GA where he is a farm laborer. 
1880 Census Lower Town, Houston, GA where he is a laborer with wife Cary Ann and daughter Numma

Raymond  born 1848
Appears on the 1880 Census for East Holly Springs, Marshall County, MS near his brother Madison. He was a farmer. Wife Docia; Children John, Viola, Loucinda and Keely. 

Joseph Jr  born 1833 Unknown
Minta  born 1835  Unknown
Joshua  born 1841  Unknown
James  born 1845  Unknown
Mitchell  born 1848  Unknown
Tricis?  born 1851  Unknown


Thomas and Ritter Jeffries had 7 known children:
Reuben
Rueben Jeffries was born Nov 1859 in SC and died 1938 in DeSoto, MS. He married Nannie.  10 children:  Joanna, Joseph, Mathew, Isaac, Niecy, Will, Margret, Jennie, John and Dan.

Bettie
Bettie Jeffries was born about 1861 in SC.  She married Nelson Jeffries, Jr. 109 children: Mary, Goodman, Jacob, Isaac, Lula, Robert, Maggie, Douglas, Johnny and Florence. Lived in Marshall County, MS

Cornelius
Reverend Cornelius Jeffries was born 19 May 1862 in SC and died 23 Dec 1922 in Little Rock, Arkansas.  He was a preacher.  Cornelius married Nellie Blanton.  5 children:  Anna Ritter, Rosie Lee, James Edward, Eva Mae and Hattie Vera.

Margaret
Margaret Jeffries was born about 1869. 

Amanda
Amanda Jeffries was born 16 June 1874 in Marshall County, MS. In 1897 she was the Postmaster at Chulahoma, MS.  Amanda may have married a William or Samuel Brooks.  She moved to Oklahoma by 1910.  Amanda died after 1927 in Oklahoma.
Sarah

John
John Jeffries was born 22 Apr 1872 at Waterford, Marshall County, MS and died 6 June 1929.  John married Annie Garrett who was born in Nov 1877.  They had 2 children:  Laura born Aug 1899 and Bettie Theresa born 22 Nov 1907. A third child, Nathaniel was born in 1923 and it is assumed Annie was his mother.

In 1900 John and Annie were living in the Laws Hill area of Marshall County, MS;  by 1910 they were living in Oklahoma.

1900 Census Laws Hill, Marshall County, MS
Jeffries, John
28, bMS, Farmer renting farm
   Annie  22 born in Nov 1877  bMS parents bMS  2 children born/1 living
   Larra  9 mos bAug 1899
Garrett, John  20 bAug1879 MS  Annie's brother   Farm Laborer

1910 Census Pascoe, Okmulgee County, OK
Jeffries, John
  38 bMS Farmer renting farm
   Annie 31 bMS 5 children born/2 living
   Laura 10 bMS
   Bettie  3 bMS

1920 Census Beggs, Okmulgee County, OK
Jeffries, John
48, bMS parents bSC Farmer
  Annie 41 bMS  parents bMS
   Betty  13 bMS
   Laura 20 bMS

By 1930 Annie has disappeared from the records and John has remarried to Mary Slaughter Junior. Mary had children with her first husband Simp Junior and 4 of them appear in the census.

1930 Census Morris, Okmulgee County, OK
Jeffries, John
58 bMS parentsbSC Farmer renting farm
   Mary 43 17 at 1st marr bGA parentsbGA
   Nathaniel 6 bOK father bMS
Junior Sallie  15 stepdau bOK father bARK
Junior, Georgia  13 stepdau  bOK father bARK
Junior Warren  11 stepson  bOK father bARK
Junior Albert 9 stepson  bOK father bARK

We next find John living alone with son Nathaniel.

1940 Census Okmulgree, Okmulgee, OK    Living at 1114 1/2 Choctaw Ave
Jeffries John 68 bMS  "Married"
   Nathaniel 16  bOK

John and Annie's children:

Laura Jeffries, daughter of John Jeffries, was born 18 Aug 1899 in Okmulgee County, OK.  On 3 June 1922 she married Rev James Paul Autry in Beggs, Okmulgee County, OK. They were married by Rev Tom M Busby at the AME Church in Beggs.  Witnesses were John Jeffries, Laura's father, and D C Coleman, both of Beggs.  James was 37 and Laura was 22.  James Paul Autry was born 22 May 1884 in Mississippi and died 31 Dec 1976 in Oklahoma.

1930 Census Beggs, Okmulgee, OK
Autry, J P
  42 bMS parents bNC  Farmer
   Laura 35 bMS parents bMS
   Odis  6  bOK
   Ruth Ella 4  bOK
   J W  2  bOK

1940 Census Pascoe, Okmulgree OK
Living same house as in 1935
Autry, James P  55  bMS  Farmer  Renting
   Laura 40  bOK
   Otis  16  bOK
   Ruth Ella  14 bOK
   James W 11  bOK
   Elmer Eugene 9|  bOK
   Charles  5  bOK

1950 Census  Pascoe Okmulgee, OK
Apt #7/8  starting at intersecion at Myers School  -  Farm
Autry, James P  65  bMS  Farmer  Own farm
   Laura  50  bMS
  Ruth Ella 24  bOK
  Charles  15  bOK

Laura's obituary is dated 15 Sep 1979 in the Okmulgee Daily Times.  She died at Beggs. Her husband James preceeded her in death.  Children named:  Otis of Tulsa, James and Charles of Wichita KS, Elmer of Compton CA, Prentist of Beggs OK, Ruth Bee and Lula Atkins of Wichita KS.  Brother: Nathaniel Jeffries of Los Angeles CA and sister Betty Anderson of Tulsa.  19 grandchildren; 14 great grandchildren.   Her funeral was held at First Baptist Church in Beggs.  Rev L R Kibler officiated.  Laura was buried in New Bethel Cemetery at Mounds, OK.

Nathaniel Jeffries, son of John Jeffries, was born 4 July 1923 in Okmulgee County, OK.  On 30 June 1943 he registered for the draft. At that time he was living at 1778  8th Street, Oakland, Alameda County, CA and employed by CIO Warehouseman's Union in Crockett, CA. He's described at 5'11" tall, 160 lbs, dark brown complexion, black hair, brown eyes and a scar through his left eyebrow.  His next of kin was his father, John Jeffries, 1114 1/2 N Chocktaqw, Okmulgee, OK.  On 5 Mar 1943 he enlisted in the US Army in San Francisco, CA.

1950 Census  Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA - Living on E 1st St as a guest at Victoris Hotel.
Jeffries, Nathaniel 
26 bOK  Truck Driver for Harvester

Bettie Theresa Jeffries, daughter of John, was born 22 Nov 1907 in Holly Springs, Marshall County, MS and died 23 Dec 1981 in Tulsa, OK.  Bettie married Arvie Anderson on 21 July 1926 in Beggs, OK.  According to their marriage license Arvie was 21 and Bettie was 19, both from Beggs, OK.  They were married by Reverend James P Autry - Bettie's brother in law - at the CME Church at Beggs.  Witnesses were Garrett Scott and Bettie's sister Laura Jeffries Autry.   The final marriage record was mailed on 5 Aug 1926 to Arvie Anderson PO Box 110, Beggs, OK in care of Garrett Scott. 

Arvie and Bettie's children:

Verna Lee Anderson was born 14 Feb 1927 in Beggs, Okmulgee County, OK and died 3 June 1994 in Tulsa, OK.  She married Odis Jones. Verna Lee is buried in Crown Hill Cemetery in Tulsa, OK.
 See more about Odis Jones family here.

Blanche Lucerne Anderson was born 17 June 1928 in Beggs, Okmulgree County, OK and died 24 Nov 1986 in Denver, CO. She married Lewis Varnon Austin.  Blanche is buried in Chapel Hill Memorial Gardens in Littleton, CO.
 
Arvie Columbus Anderson Jr was born 22 Dec 1930 in Beggs, Okmulgee County, OK and died 15 Oct 2013 in Tulsa, OK.  He married Willie Jean Montgomery in 1964. Arvie is buried in Floral Haven Memorial Gardens in Broken Arrow, OK.

George Wayne Anderson was born 22 Feb 1934 in Beggs, Okmulgee County, OK and died 5 Apr 2005 in OK.  

Clyde C Anderson was born 1941 in OK.

Marian Marva Anderson was born 10 Mar 1942 in Beggs, Okmulgee County, OK and died 4 Dec 2003 in Tulsa, OK.

1930 Census  Beggs, Okmulgee, OK    Living at 400 S Osage
Anderson, Arvie 
24  bTX parents bTX  Laborer - Steam Railroad
   Bettie  22  bMS  parents bMS
   Bernie  3 daughter bOK
   Blanch  1  bOK
Davis, Allen  14  bOK parents bTX  Roomer

1940 Census Beggs, Okmulgee OK   Living at Section 28 and 27 on farm Renting
Anderson, Arvie 
35 bTX  Farmer
  Betty T  33 bMS
  Verna Lee 13 bOK
  Blanche L  11  bOK
  Arvie  9  bOK
  George Wayne  6  bOK

1950 Census Beggs, Okmulgee OK    Living at 16 Osage
Anderson, Arvie
44 bTX Laboreer Frisco Railroad
   Bettie  42  bMS
   Arvie Jr  19  bOK
   G Wayne  16  bOK
   Clyde C  9  bOK
   Marion M  8  bOK

Bettie died on 23 Dec 1981. At the time she was living at 222 E Queen Street in Tulsa, OK.  She is buried in Crown Hill Cemetery in Tulsa.  She left behind her husband Arvie Anderson and children:  Verna Lee, Blance Lucerne, Arvie Jr, George Wayne, Clyde C and Marian Marva.


Notes:

  • The enslaver Jeffries in Marshall County, MS probably lived in District 4 south of Holly Springs. Near Waterford.  Many are buried in Pleasan Grove Cemetery 1293 Olde MS-4, Holly Springs. This is an old abandoned cemetery in a large grove of old hardwood on private property.  Most likely near their home(s)  I include this to say that the enslaved burial ground is probably nearby.
  • The enslaver Jeffries in Union and Cherokee County, SC probably lived at or near the Jefferies Family Cemetery which is on Brickhouse Road near Gilkey Creek and west of Wilkinsville, SC. Again, the enslaved burial ground is probably near by.
  • I've included the neighbors in most of the census date because they are likely related either by dna or by enslavement.
  • I've looked for records indicating how Thomas's family came to be with James Boyd Jeffries, but so far without success. It does not appear that his wife brought them with her marriage.   


Wednesday, September 6, 2023

John Watson and his Children's 132 Enslaved, Prince Edward County, VA - Several Wills Naming Slaves

John Watson was born about 1712 in Henrico County, VA and died 3 Feb 1797 In Prince Edward County, VA.  He was the son of John Watson 1679-1750 and Sarah Collins 1683-1743.  He married Ann Allen 1726-1805.

John and Ann lived near Hampden-Sidney College in Prince Edward County, Virginia. 

Will of John Watson   Written 3 Feb 1797   Probate 17 June 1805

  • to son John one acre of land +/- joining the land he lives on... one negro by name Dick, one negro girl named Aggie and her increase, which he has in his possession, and likewise one negro man Nick
  • to son Drury a negro woman named Aggie and her increase, which he has had in his possession for years past and late has placed the said Aggie into the possession of his daughter Susannah
  • to Elizabeth Watson, my son Drury's daughter my negro boy named John and one featherbed and furniture
  • to Hannah Watson, my son Drury's daughter, negro Phil, Fannie's son
  • to Mary Chambers, my son Drury's daughter, 200 acres of land being the land whereon she lives, for her use during life and after her death the said 200 acres of land to her son, Josiah Chambers; one negro woman named Jane and her increase which was lent to Josiah Chambers and by him willed to his children, as they are mentioned in his will
  • to daughter Susanna one negro named Peyton which she has in her possession and one negro girl
  • to son Samuel one negro woman and her increase and one boy
  • to daughter Judity one negro boy and one woman and her increase and one woman named Fanny and her increase and one negro girl and her increase and one other boy
  • to son Jesse Watson one negro woman named Lucy and her increase from this date, and likewise John, Tom, Nancy and her increase, likewise Lewis and Lydia and her increase, one boy named Nott which he has in his possession
  • to son Josiah two negroes Peter and Hannah and her increase which he has in his possession, and one negro man named Isham
  • to son Abner two negroes and likewise Old Dick and likewise Pepesley and her increase and her daughter and her increase; likewise the plantation he now lives on 300 acres, and a cart and yoke of oxen which he now has.
  • lends to daughter Judith Nelson one negro girl named Cate, during her (Judith's) life and at her death to be divided with increase among her children.
  • my old negro woman Aggie to have liberty to live with which of his children she pleases, but if she should live to get so infirm as not to be able to maintain herself, to be maintained at the equal expense of my children.
  • All the residue of his personal estate not here devised to be equally subdivided between his children.
  • Estate is not to be appraised, nor executors to be held to give security.

Executors:  sons John, Joseph and Jesse Watson - sole executors of this will
Witnesses: Drury Watson, Jr, Allen Chambers, Charles Allen.
Upon the oaths of Drury Watson, Jr and Charles Allen, Jesse and Joseph Watson qualified as executors
Prince Edward County Will Book 3 pg 403


Some of John's children:

Elizabeth Watson was born 1731 in Prince Edward County, Virginia and died 1808 in Rutherford County, North Carolina. She married John Walker who was born 1728 in New Castle County, Delaware and died 1796 in Rutherford County, North Carolina.

1790 Census  Rutherford County, NC  -  John Walker
3 Slaves


Drury Watson was born 1740 in Prince Edward County, Virginia and died 1829 in Belair, Indian Land, Lancaster County, South Carolina.  He married Sarah "Sally" Allen who was born 1745 and died 1790.

Drury was known to be a great fiddler and dancer. He lived to be nearly 100 years old. Late in life he lived with his son in law Drury Calhoun near Briary Church in Prince Edward County, VA.
[Notes on Southside Virginia by Mrs A Watson Wolfe, 1977, pgs 187-188]

20 Mar 1805  -  Sold Enslaved  -  Lancaster District, SC  Deed Bk F pg 241
"Know ye that I Drury Watson of the State of Virginia Cumberland County hath bargained and sold unto James Morrow of the state and district above mentioned a certain Negro woman named Agg and a boy named London and a child named Ambus, children of said wench for the consideration of 500 dollars cash paid to me in hand to which I do forever quit claim to the said negro wench and children forever...to James Morrow..."
Witnessed 27th day of August 1804.
Witnesses: Eli Crockett, Jonathan Coffey. Signed Drury Watson.

1810 Census Prince Edward Co, VA
11 Slaves

1820 Census Prince Edward Co Va
18 Slaves:  6 M under 14, 2 M 14-25, 2 M 26-44, 3 F under 14, 2 F 14-25, 2 F 26-44. 1 F 45+

1830 Census Prince Edward Co VA
19 Slaves:  3 M under 10, 3 M 10-23, 4 M 24-35, 2 M 55-99, 1 F under 10, 2 F 10-23, 2 F 24-35, 2 F 36-54.


John Watson was born 1743 and died 1828 both in Prince Edward County, Virginia. He married Mary.

Will of John Watson   Prince Edward County, VA
Written 15 Apr 1817;  Proven 19 May 1828
Inventory submitted to Court 18 Aug 1828

... lend to wife Mary 8 negroes: Nick, Robb, Robin, Vick, Nancy, Molly, Mariah and Louisa... at her death equally dived amongst all my children. Nick is to have choice which of my children he will go to as his master or mistress.
... to dau Betty Ann 3 negroes: Young Fanny, Stephen and Abby and said young Fanny and Abby increase
... to son Drury 3 negroes: Molly daughter of Lucy;  Stephen and Lewis Molly's children with increase
... to son Samuel 2 negroes: Jane and John Jackson and Jane's increase; land and plantation whereon I now live lying on Little Buffalo...
... to dau Nancy 5 negroes: Aggy, Billy, Peter, Solomon and Betty with increase
... to dau Mary 3 negroes: Hannah, Hetty and Tom with increase
... to dau Susanah Thorn 5 negroes: Jane, Harry, Fanny, Arups? and Randol with Jane and Fanny's increase
... the land lying on little Roanoak Road which I purchased of Ambrose Nelson I will to be sold...
Executors: sons Drury Watson and Samuel Watson
Witnesses: Abner Watson, John Watson, William Watson


Josiah Watson was born 1759 and died 1827 both in Prince Edward County, Virginia. On 22 Feb 1785 in Cumberland County, Virginia, he married Mary "Polly" Nelson 1762-1837.

Will of Josiah Watson, Prince Edward County, VA
Written 11 Jan 1827
Proved 19 May 1828
Prince Edward County Will Book 7 pg 478

...lend to my beloved wife Polly Watson during her natural life all the land I possess, all plantation utensils including blacksmith tools, all stock of every kind except 3 horses, all corn and bacon I have on hand all drops growing at the time of my death and all my household and kitchen furniture except 4 beds and furniture.  19 Negroes: Peter, Hannah, edy, Judy, Martha, Milly, Parthenia, Sam, Jim, Amy, Jacob, Jack, Morgan, Allen, Phil, Isham, Frank, Mat, Lizzy and Olly.  
...to March Edward Andrew H Nelson Watson: Little Peter, Aggy, Caty, Cyrus, Squire all their future increase...
...to daughter Polly N Thackston: Smith, Jerry, Cassandra, Jinny, Nancy, Daughter Cassandra and William,
... to my granddaughter Mary Ann Rebeckah Watson: Meriah, Lucy and Berry,
... to my 3 granddaughters Louisa N Watson, Mary E Watson, and Emelia Ann Watson: Annaky, Phebe, Nick, Selina, Nathan, Rozetter, Louisa and Dick and all their future increase to be equally divided between the three.
... to granddaughter America Jane Green/Greer: Nancy, Silvy, Jack and Ben son of Silvy
...to my granddaughter Eliza Frances Geers: Milly daughter of Nancy
... I give to MEAHN Watcon and Polly N Thackston all the land I possess and all property of every kind after the death of my wife Polly Watson ... except Martha which I give to my granddaughter Mary Ann Rebeckah Watson.  
... I give to MEAHN Watson and Polly  N Thackston all the negroes John Geers run off to North and South Carolina :  Little Indy, Nick, Isabella, Esther, Nancy daughter of Isabella, Dick and Mary and their increase forever.
... Now all the negroes not named in this will I order and direct that my executors ... make a sale of the following slaves:  Robin, Susanah, Tiller, Julia, Nelly, Harriott, Isaac for the payment of my just debts...
... I appoint Guardians of my grand children: son in law  James Thackston and son M E A H N Watson

Executors: wife Polly Watson, son in law James Thackston, son Mattew Edward Andrew Herculys? Nelson Watson
Witnesses: John Watson, Daniel J McCormick, Samuel Watson


Joseph Watson may have been born in 1764 and did die in 1827.  He married Fanny Wade.

Will of Joseph Watson    Prince Edward County, VA
Written 1827
Probate 1828
Prince Edward County Will Book 6 pg 426

... to wife Fanny and Sims Allen land I live on...
... to James Allen, brother of Sims, land on south side of road leading from Briery meeting house to Moore's old ordinary
... to Allen Watson 2 negroes
... to Littleberry Watson, son of Samuel, 1 negro
... to Joseph Watson, son of Jesse, the land and plantation on Buffalo I bought of DeGraffenreid and a part of the tract I bought of Charles Price's trustees
...to Joseph Watson, son of Abner, 4 negroes
... to Drury Calhoun, son of Hannah, the daughter of brother Drury, I give legacy...Susan Wade, sister of my wife Fanny Wade

Executors:  Drury Watson, Samuel Watson (son of John), and Sims Allen

Wednesday, February 15, 2023

What Happened to Elsey, Johnson, Frances and George - the Enslaved of George W Keels


Will of George W Keels
As I research for my own tree I often find wills and other documents giving details about the enslaved, so I make notes.  That's the case with a recent will that I shared here and in one of my favorite Facebook groups.  I was researching the Muldrow family in Sumter County, South Carolina and a related Brockinton family in Williamsburg County.  That led to the will of George W Keels in which he bequeathed freedom to some of his enslaved.  

At the time of my Facebook post all I had was the will.  And I added that I wondered if Elsey and her children actually realized freedom.  That question wouldn't let go of me.  Here's what I've found so far, including a lot of background information.

This is like trying to follow a spider web. Where to start? And seemingly impossible to follow one thread without any detours.   First, a repeat of the will:

Will of George W Keels - Williamsburgh Dist SC - Written 17 Feb 1834

Item... I give and bequeath unto ELSY and her three children JOHNSON, FRANCES and GEORGE their freedom also twenty head stock cattle, my stock hogs, the plantation or tract of land whereon they now reside and the household and kitchen furniture which on said plantation with a request that my Executors hereafter named shall endeavor to have their freedom established.

Item   I give and bequeath unto my beloved daughter Julia Susannah Keels all the rest and residue of my Estate both real and personal.

Executors:  friends Morgan Sabb, Porter Oliver and Robert G Ferrill
Witnesses:  Francis B Nexson, Benjam Windam, G Gamble
Recorded 25 Feb 1834   Will Book B pg 89

Questions:

  1. Did Elsy and her children obtain their freedom?  What happened to the property she was bequeathed?
  2. Is it significant that Keels did not say "my Negro woman" Elsy and her three children?
  3. What is the significance of Keels reference to "the plantation or tract of land whereon they now reside?"  Did Elsy and her children live separately?
  4. Could Elsy be Native American?  While the Cherokee were death marched to Oklahoma territory, South Carolina allowed Native Americans to stay. 

Tragically, Elsey and her children did not gain their freedom until the end of the Civil War. In South Carolina, by 1820, an enslaved person could only be freed by an act of the legislature.  In 1822 free Blacks could not enter South Carolina and it was made illegal for the legislature to grant freedom.

In 1840 South Carolina enacted a Black Code which denied the enslaved the right to assemble, to produce food, to earn money, to learn to read and to possess any clothing but low quality garments.

Since the enslaved could own no property and there is no legal description of the tract of land where Elsy was living, it is not possible to trace the land granted to Elsy by George Keels. 

So, what happened to Elsy and her children?

George W Keels was born about 1801 and died Feb 1834 both in Williamsburg District, South Carolina.  He was the son of Isaac P Keels 1774-1822 and Susannah born about 1774 and died before 1821.    

George married Julia Susannah McDonald who died before 1830. They had one child, a daughter, Julia Susannah Keels.  She was born 1824 in Williamsburg District, South Carolina and died 6 Dec 1878 at Walhalla, Oconee County, South Carolina.  In 1841 she married Samuel Earle Maxwell. [see below]

1830 Census  Williamsburg Dist, SC  -  George W Keels
47 Slaves:  8 M under 10, 5 M 10-23, 3 M 24-35, 3 M 36-54, 1 M 55-99, 10 F under 10, 10 F 10-23, 2 F 24-35, 4 F 36-54, 1 F 55-99

1840 Census  Williamsburg Dist, SC  -  Estate of George W Keels
66 Slaves:  12 -  M under 10, 8 - M 10-23, 4 - M 24-35, 2 - M 55-99, 18 - F under 10, 14 - F 10-23, 6 - F 24-35, 2 - F 55-99.

There is no mention of George W Keels' estate in the 1850 Census.  In addition Elsey and her children are NOT listed in the Free Blacks and Mulattos list for the state of South Carolina.  I then checked the 1840 and 1850 censuses for Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Illinois and did not find them.

So I went back to the Keels family to see if I could find them still enslaved, but with some member of the Keels family.

George's father was Isaac Keels who was born 1774 in Summerton, Clarendon County, South Carolina and died before November 1822.  He was the son of John Keels 1750-1789 and Elizabeth Frierson 1745-1806.   Isaac married Susanna who was born about 1774 and died in 1721.

1790 Census Prince Fredericks, Georgetown, SC
7 Slaves

1820 Census Williamsburg Dist, SC
47 Slaves
:  11 M under 14, 8 M 14-25, 4 M 26-44, 3 M 45+, 12 F under 14, 1 F 14-25, 4 F 26-44, 4 F 45+.

Will of Isaac Keels - written 2 July 1821 
Recorded 8 Nov 1822 Williamsburg Dist SC  Will Bk B pg 24

...to wife Susanna Keels during her natural life all my Negroes, stock of horses, cattle and hogs with all my household and kitchen furniture and mansion house.

Item  to daughter Catherine Gamble... Negroes Sam, Simon, old Molly, Cassius, Bonu, Maria, young Molly...with future increase...to her heirs and assigns forever.

Item   to son Samuel John Keels... Negroes Adam, ELSEY, Henry, Dorcas, Flora, Nancy, and Charles with future increase of the Females... to his heirs and assigns forever.

Item... to son Isaac Keels Junior... Negroes Neptune, Rhena and her children Sophia, Kinlock; Hanny and her children Aaron, Maggy and future increase with this reserve the said Negroes after my death are to remain in the hands and possession of my Executors... and by them hired out or put to some labor and profits arising from such hire or labor is to go to the immediate support and maintenance of my son Isaac Keels. But should he died without issue the above named Negroes and their increase, to be equally divided among all my heirs then living.

Item   to grandchildren John Isaac, James Keels, and Peter R Keels the younger, the following Negroes Old Billy, Nancy and Nancy's children Ben, Susan, William, Monday, Fortune, Far Mootus, Sam and Levina with this reserve to be put into the hands and possession of Peter R Keels after my death and the hire of labor of said Negroes to go to the immediate support education and tuition of my said two grandchildren until they arrive to the age of 21.

Item... to son George W Keels... Negroes Mingo, Nelly and Nelly's children: Binkey, Siah, Lizza, Moses, Binah, Jack, Emma and Cuff to him and his heirs and assigns forever.

Item  My will and desire is that the above lots of Negroes so willed devised and bequeathed to my children except grand children, above named, be appraised, when my son George W Keels arrives to the age of 21 years; and in the case of any deaths of my Negroes or otherwise deficient in value the lots so deficient to be made equal with the highest appraised lot of Negroes, and all other property I may die possessed of whatsoever consisting in my will to be equally divided between my children Catharine Gamble, Samuel John Keels, Isaac Keels Junior, George W Keels and their heirs then living

Item  to son George W Keels the plantation or tract of land, lying and being situated on the NE side of McGirts Swamp in Williamsburg District whereon I now live with my dwelling house after my wife's death. 

Item   ...after my wife's death, ... all the Negroes, with my stock, household and kitchen furniture that may be on my plantation or in the possession of my said wife at her death to be equally divided between my children... and their heirs and representatives then living.
Executor: wife Susanna Keels, son Samuel John Keels, Morgan Sabb, William Salters
Witnesses:  Morgan Sabb, Joseph Holding, P M Oliver

Location of Keels Plantation in Williamsburg Dist SC

Thinking that the Elsey named in Isaac's will could have been the same Elsy named in George's will, I looked at Samuel John Keels. I also noted that the Elsey in Isaac's will may not have yet had children, which means Johnson, Frances and George may have been born after July 1821.

Samuel John Keels, son of Isaac Keels, was born about 1796 in South Carolina.  I have yet to find much information about him. At the time of the 1820 Census he had no wife, but 3 daughters less than 10 years old.
1820 Census   Williamsburg Dist, SC
15 Slaves
:  1 M under 14, 1 M 14-25, 2 M 45+, 6 F under 14, 4 F 14-25, 1 F 26-44.

In 1822 his father's bequest would add 7 enslaved.

It's possible that this is him in Charleston [and moving there would not be unusual for this family.] If it is him, he does not appear to still have Elsey and he has sold or otherwise reduced his number of enslaved.
1830 Census  Charleston Ward 4, Charleston, SC
3 Slaves:
  1 M 24-35, 1 M 36-54, 1 F 10-23

If Samuel died or moved to Charleston before 1830, it would be reasonable to theorize that his brother George purchased Elsey from him.  This assumes Isacc's Elsey is the same enslaved woman as George's Elsy.

 

However, thinking about how the enslaved were often moved around between family members, I then looked for information about Isaac's father and siblings.

John Keels, brother if Isaac Keels (father of George W Keels), was born about 1767 and died 28 Oct 1820 in Williamsburg County, South Carolina.  He married Mary [surname unknown.]

1790 Census Prince Fredericks, Georgetown SC
3 Slaves

1810 Census  Williamsburg SC
No Slaves

1820 Census  Williamsburg SC
29 Slaves:  6 M under 14, 2 M 14-25, 4 M 26-44, 1 M 45+, 8 F under 14, 3 F 14-25, 3 F 26-44, 2 F 45+

Will of John Keels - written 27 Apr 1818 - Williamsburg District, SC
Recorded 1 Dec 1820   Will Bk A pg 60-61
... to wife Mary Keels negro slaves ELSEY, Cain, Sary and her 2 children Betty and Washington with future increase...
Item   to my sons Peter R Keels, James W Keels, Richard T Keels and Robert F Keels I give and devise the whole of my real Estate to be equally divided among them share and share alike to them and their heirs and assigns forever
Item   to my only daughter Mary Maria Keels... choice of a negro girl to be selected by her from among the residue of my negroes not herein already bequeathed to her and her heirs forever
Item   all the rest and residue of my personal Estate I give to my said children...
Item   ... should any of my said children die leaving no children that then ... [their] share ... be divided among my said children surviving.
Executors:  sons Peter R Keels and James W Keels
Witnesses:  Benjiman Blanchard, Wm F Blanchard, Wm N McDonald

 

Daniel Jackson Keels, brother of Isaac and John Keels, was born 1772 and died 1857 in Sumter County, South Carolina.  He married Sarah E Player/Thayer 1779-1859

1800 Census Salem, Sumter Dist SC
No Slaves  (9 whites)

1820 Census Sumter Co SC
No Slaves  (6 whites)

1830 Census  Sumter Co SC
No Slaves  (4 whites)

1840 Census  Sumter Co SC
No Slaves  (8 whites)

19 Jul 1850  Sumter, Sumter, SC  Agriculture Schedule
15 acres

Daniel died 6 Apr 1851 with no will leaving a personal estate in Sumter Dist with about $500
Appraisal and Inventory of Estate  24 July 1851
1 Negro Man GEORGE  $600
Very small estate with farm necessitites.
Appraisors:  R H Fullwood, Thomas Chandler Sr, John Frierson, James Moore
Admin of Estate: Daniel Keels Jr, Ezekial Keels and William Keels Sr  -  Bond paid 14 June 1851

Articles sold of the Est of Daniel Keels  29 Dec 1856
Negro man GEORGE $530 to Harriet Keels

 

Peter Keels, brother of Isaac, John and Daniel Keels, was born 20 Sep 1776 in Georgetown District, and died 1810 in Charleston, South Carolina.  He married Catharine.

1800 Census Charleston, SC
No slaves;   5 white people:  2 M under 10, 1 M 26-44, 1 F under 10, 1 F 26-44.

Probate  31 Aug 1810  Charleston, SC
Peter was a shop keeper and died intestate. His widow Catharine was made Administrator on 31 Aug 1810. Admin sworn the value of the estate does not exceed $200 or 8000. [Unclear the way it's recorded.]

So far we have an Elsey mentioned:

  • John Keels will written 27 Apr 1818;  recorded 1 Dec 1820
  • Isaac Keels will written 2 July 1821;  recorded 8 Nov 1822
  • George W Keels will written 17 Feb 1834;  recorded 25 Feb 1834

Then I looked at George's Executors.  Of the three the only one I could find much of anything for is Morgan Sabb.  It adds what could be another twist to this story.  Morgan was born about 1774 and died 9 May 1847 and is buried in Rehoboth Cemetery, Claredon County, South Carolina.  He married #1 Mary Martha Lesesne who died 1830 and #2 Eliza Wheelden/Wheldon 1795-1850. Morgan owned property in Williamsburg and Sumter Districts, South Carolina.

1820 Census Williamsburg Dist SC
No Slaves

1830 Census Williamsburg Dist, SC
54 Slaves:   13 M under 10, 7 M 10-23, 7 M 24-35, 4 M 36-54, 1 M 55-99, 8 F under 10, 4 F 10-23, 8 F 24-35, 2 F 55-99

1840 Census Williamsburg Dist SC
63 Slaves: 12 M under 10, 11 M 10-23, 7 M 24-35, 4 M 55-99, 10 f under 10, 12 f 10-23, 2 f 24-35, 3 f 36-54, 2 f 55-99.

1840 Census Sumter, SC
21 Slaves: 5 M under 10, 1 M 10-23, 3 M 24-35, 1 M 36-54, 4 F under 10, 2 F 10-23, 2 F 24-35, 3 F 36-54

Will of Morgan Sabb  -  written 3 Apr 1847 - Sumter County, SC
Recorded 16 June 1847   Will Bk D 2 pg 224
[He gave all property in Sumter County to wife Eliza. Various other personal property to nephews. Williamsburg property be divided between the heirs of Peter M Oliver] EXCEPT FOR:
"It is my will and desire that my man Nero and his family shall be deliberated as far as the law will allow.  Namely his wife ELSEY, Nero, Thomas, Eliza, Morgan, Harriet, and Louisa. Dr S P Olivr and Benjamin R Oliver trustees for them"

13 July 1847 Inventory for Morgan Sabb, Sumter Dist
...
1 Negro man Jubiter  $550
1 Negro man Ben  $600
1 Negro man Toney  $600

14 July 1847 Inventory Appraisal   Williamsburg District SC
1 Negro Woman ELSEY and 6 children  [*no mention of adult Nero]
Elsey $200
Nero $350
Tomas $250
Eliza $250
Morgan $150
Harriet $100
Louisa $75 = $1375

1 Negro Woman Amaritta $200
Walley $400
Flora $400
hestor $250
Jane $260
Betty $175
William $100 = $1987

Old Bess $200
Roxcener $400
young Bess $350
Patty $200
Joffney $100
Sam $550
Esaw $450
Temby $150
Daniel $400 = $2800

Young York $400
Able $600
Joe $650
Jacob $50
Bob $400
Billy $300
Sharper $250
Sarah $150
Mariah $400 = $3400

Margarette $400
John $350
Venus $250
Cesar $150
Louis $125
Mary $125
Cisroe $100 = $1500

Old York and old Mary Ann $25  Expense for year. Each.
... more property
Appraisers:  James Staggers, James W Keels, Thos China

15 Jan 1848 filed with the court - Bills of Sale
Sold to Mrs. Eliza Sabb, widow of Morgan - Negro ELSEY & 7 children: Nero, Thomas, Eliza, Morgan, Harriet, Louisa and Mary   $1810  [No mention of the father Nero]

15 Jan 1848  Amount of the hire of the Negroes belonging to the Estate of Morgan Sabb Decd
To Samuel Guild:
   Sam $50
   Jane  $15
   Venus  $13
To J M Staggers
   York  $53
   Roxana  $30
   Flora  $30
To C Mitchner?
   Esau  $50
   Jacob  $5
To Mrs L Baxter
   Daniel  $55
To George W Hodge
   Walley $50.50
   Hectors  $6
to W Johnson
   Abel  $55
to Dr J MaCauley
   Joe  $50
   John  $20
to Benj Windham
   Teneby  $31
to A A Mitcher
   Bob  $31
to Andrew Mitte   
   Bob  $31
to C A  Screrie?
   Bess  $30
to John Baggete
   Patty  $40
to D Jones
   Amarita  $30

These records go thru 1855

Could this be Elsey with siblings of the older Johnson, Frances and George?  Or did Elsey end up with George W Keels' daughter?


George's will gives his entire estate (excepting freedom and property to Elsey) to Julia Susannah Keels, daughter of George W Keels 1801-1834 and Julia Susannah McDonald, was born 1824 in Williamsburg County, South Carolina and died 6 Dec 1878 at Walhalla, Oconee County, South Carolina.

Julia married Samuel Earle Maxwell who was born 1818 at River Place, Pickens County, South Carolina and died 19 Oct 1884 at Walhalla, Oconee, South Carolina.  He was the son of John Maxwell 1791-1870 [s/o Robert Maxwell 1753-1797 and Mary Anderson 1766-1837] and Elizabeth Hampton Earle 1801-1872.

Samuel Maxwell was a Planter and owned Maxwell Bottom Plantation and Toxaway Plantation on the Tugaloo River.  In 1850 the family lived in the Western Division, Anderson County, South Carolina.

1850 Slave Schedule  Western Division, Anderson, SC
12 Slaves:  70 F, 32 M, 26 F, 25 M, 18 F, 16 F, 15 M, 10 M, 8 M, 5 M, 2 M, 3/12 F

1850 Slave Schedule  Western Division, Pickens, SC
66 Slaves:  70 F, 55 M, 40 M, 35 M, 35 M, 35 F, 35 F, 35 F, 35 F, 35 F, 35 F, 35 F, 6 - 25 F, 17 M, 18 M, 19 M, 29 F, 21 F, 16 F, 16 M, 13 M, 14 M, 4 - 14 F , 3 -11 f, 10 M, 10 M, 10 F, 10 F, 8 M, 3-9 M, 4-8 F, 3-6 M, 2 - 6 F, 5 - 5 M,  3 - 4 M, 3 - 4 F, 3 F, 3 M, 2 M, 1 M, 1 F

In 1860 they lived at Pendleton, Anderson County, South Carolina and were listed with a Real Estate Value of $30,000 and Personal Estate valued at $140,000.

1860 Slave Schedule   Pendleton, Anderson, SC
16 Slaves:  M 35, F 34, M 30, F 24, M 19, F 13, M 12, M 12, F 10, M 9, M 1, M 6/12, F 6/12, F 7, F 6, F 4.

1860 Slave Schedule   2nd Regt. Pickens County, SC
114 Slaves:  F 26, F 14, F 5, F 19, F 3, F 1, F 31, F 29, F 13, F 12, F 8, F 5, F 2/12, F 4, F 1, F 36, F 50, F 10, F 27, F 26, F 12, F 8, F 10, F 6, F 7, F 1, F 29, M 20, F 10, F 13, F 7, M 75, F 9, M 15, M 13, M 11, M 19, M 16, M 28, M 4, M 3, M 2, M 12, M 1, M 10, M 6, M 27, M 17, M 13, M 22, M 16, M 14, M 9, M 28, M 5, M 3, M 97, M 3, M 9, M 23, M 1, M 24, M 4, M 57, M 16, M 12, M 12, M 23, M 5, M 3, M 6/12, M 8/12, M 1, M 38, M 6, M 3, M 53, M 15, M 9, M 52, M 14, M 9, F 18, F 18, M 2, F 13, M 4/12, F 75, M 6/12, F 45, F 45, F 19, F 45, F 15, F 21, F 16, F 2, F 3, F 23, F 47, F 1, F 14, F 25, F 11, F 7, F 4, F 78, F 6, F 17, F 3/12, F 20, F 18, F 27, F 2, F 20

On 27 Sep 1865 Samuel Maxwell and 73 workers signed a contract with the Freedmen's Bureau in Anderson County, South Carolina.  Workers were to receive:  their patches, 1/2 of the rice raised on the plantation, 100 bushels of corn of the crop made this season, plus rations, material for clothing, shoes and medical attendance.  The contract was signed at Toxaway Plantation:

November
Margaret
Tenus Maxwell  - see below for more information about this man
Mary Maxwell - wife of Tenus
Waster
Eliza
?piaay
Kezzie
Billy
Milly
Nancy
Hester
Tillie
July Keels
Providence
Silvy
Sandy
Ginger
February
Tuesday
Wednesday Keels
Tice
Cuff
August
Monday
Pompey Keels
Molly
Adaline
Cinda
Tams/Tom
Dafney
Primus
Tener / Tena Frierson - see note below
Jack
Kate
October Goodine
Flora
Margaret
Saturday
Handy
Biner
Louisa
ELSY
Henry
September
Becka
Josh Reed
Binkey Reed - wife of Josh
January
Sarah
Malvena
Chany
Ida
Amos
Jack
Peggy
Mingo
Harriet
March
December
Thursday
Limene
Caesar
Rachel
May
Minda
Venus
Charley
FRANCES
GEORGE

Sunday
Bonus
Bettie
** Surnames taken later: Keels, Goodine, Maxwell.  Note: very few of Samuel Maxwell's formerly enslaved took the surname Maxwell.
** When Tena Frierson died in September 1872 it was reported she was over 100 years old and had been with the white Maxwells since 1811 and earlier with Major Keels, Maxwell's father-in-law. Maxwell praised her "irreproachable character for honesty, fidelity and truth." She still lived with the Maxwells.  [African American Life in South Carolina's Upper Piedmont 1780-1900 by W J Megginson.]

1865 Freedmen's Bureau Contract with Samuel Maxwell

No sign (so far) of Elsey, Johnson, Frances or George in the 1870 and 1880 Censuses.

1870 Census  Tugaloo, Oconne, SC  -  Post Office is Walhalla
Maxwell, Samuel -White-   farmer   Real Est Val $6500  Pers Est Val $500

Next door:
Maxwell, F L [Samuel's son] -White- 25, farmer Real Est Val $3500  Personal Est Val $100
   wife Kate 23  bSC
   dau Kate  3
   dau Nanny  7/12

Next door:
Maxwell, Robert -Black- 27 Farm laborer
   wife [name is blank] 23

Next door:
Keels, Wednesday -Black- 23  farm laborer
   wife Hannah 20
   son Frank  13
   son George K  7/12

Next door:
Maxwell, Tennell / Tenus - Black - 50 farm laborer Real Est Val $135  Pers Est Val $335
   wife Mary  50
   son B T  18
   dau Clarissa  16
   son Adam T  11
Tenah   100  bVA   [this is probably Tenah Frierson]

Next door:
Reed, Lucy  - Black - 32
   dau Amelia  6
Keels Anaz  5
Keels, Liza  6

Next Page:
Keels, Fuller -Black - 65 female
   Silvy  25

Next door:
Keels, Emery  - Black - 27

Same house but separate family:
Keels, Dendy  -Black - 35 farmer
  wife Betty  26
   dau Mary  6
   Lena  4
   Mary  2
   Johm  6/12

Next door:
Keels, July -Black- 30  farmer
   wife Rebecky  18
   son Mingo  2
Next page begins all whites.

In 1871 Samuel sold 817 acres to G K Keels in exchange for canceling a debt owed by Samuel of $1250.24.  This is the same land sold to Tenus Maxwell who paid $400 more. Oconne Deed Book B p130; Deed Book D p325.

When Samuel sold the 817 acres, he still had 3,000 and noted "there being now 14 families on the place."

In 1874 Tenus Maxwell (formerly enslaved of Samuel Maxwell) purchased 817 acres of Toxaway Plantation for $1800. He'd registered to vote in October 1867 and ran for county commissioner in 1874 and lost.  He was a preacher, built a church on his land and died 1885. All of his adult children had moved to Georgia.  The Toxaway Cemetery is reached only by 4 x 4, but directions are at the bottom of this post.

1880 Census  Tugaloo, Oconee, SC

Maxwell, Samuel - White - 65  Farmer  Living alone

Previous page so a few houses away:
Keels, July - Black - 35 Farm Laborer
  wife Rebecca  30
  Mingo  12
   Roxie  8
   Perry  6
   Carrie  3
   Sissie bOct 1879

About 3 houses away:
Reed, Joshua  - Black - 70  Farmer  [Could be Keels]
   wife Binky  70
   dau Ida  20
   dau Muly  16
   dau Lucy  45

Next door:
Keels, Pompey  -Black - 55  farm laborer
   wife Betty  45
   dau Sooky  16  farm laborer
   son Monroe  15  farm laborer
  dau Billah / Binah  13

Next door:
Maxwell, Tennel/Tenus  - Black - 62  Farmer 
   wife Mary 50
   Adam 22 Mulatto  nephew
   Alfred  21  nephew
  Johnson  14  nephew
  James 10 nephew
   Malissa  16 niece
   Emily  15 niece
   Nelly  14  niece
   Sarah  40 niece
   Hagar  9 niece

2 doors away:
Maxwell, Frank - White - 35  Farmer  [s/o Samuel & Julia Maxwell]
   wife  Kate  33
   Katie  12
   Nannie  10
   George  8
   Franklin? 6
   Julia  4
   Annie  2


I hadn't found any mention of Johnson Keels until I considered that Elsey and her children may have been Native American.  There are many listings in the Choctow and Chickasaw Nation related to a Johnson Keels who died 1 Dec 1903.  He may have been the grandson of Elsey.  This Johnson Keels was married to Alice and when she applied for land in Indian Territory her address was Oconee County, South Carolina. 

Johnson Keels was enrolled as a citizen by blood of the Chickasaw Nation on 12 Dec 1902, approved by the US Secretary of the Interior. He was entitled to land but had not selected it for himself before his death in 1903.  His widow was granted 160 acres in Oklahoma (legal description and detailed maps available from the Chaloklowa Chickasaw headquartered in Indiantown, South Carolina)  Johnson and Alice had a daughter Eula who also applied for land as a minor and was granted 170 acres on 16 Jan 1904.

It's possible that the George Keels listed in the Agriculture Schedule 19 June 1880 in Hope, Williamsburg County, South Carolina with 25 acres is the son of Elsy.  To date I've found no other information, other than the 1865 Freedmen's Bureau contract.

Map showing a portion of Toxaway Plantation

The Toxaway Plantation cemetery is located at: Latitude N34 40.948   Longitude W83 11.604  and is located on that portion of the plantation that was purchased by Tenus Maxwell in 1874.
 
Directions:
  • Locate intersection of Highways 76 & 123.
  • Drive 4.9 miles W on Highway 76.
  • Turn left on Welcome Church Road and drive 1.3 miles NW.
  • Turn right on Wilderness Trail and drive 0.3 miles W.
  • Camp Office is at the end of this road.
  • There is a cemetery path to the left of the office as you face it.
  • There is a dirt road on the left just before you come to the office.
  • You MUST USE a 4x4 vehicle when driving down this road!
  • Drive 0.3 miles until you come to a intersecting dirt road on the right.
  • Cemetery is on a hill to the right of this intersection.